Almost every second man suffers from prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with an inflammatory process in the prostate, which can be caused by stagnant processes in the pelvic area, various infections. If the result of the analysis showed the presence of pathogens in the secretion of the prostate gland, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Reasons
Based on the name, it is clear that the main reason for the development of the disease is the penetration of bacteria into the prostate. The causes can be:
- Intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococci.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacter.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms are always in the human body without harming it. However, when favorable conditions arise, the infection begins to actively develop, causing the disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria include:
- Diseases of the urinary tract.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate gland through the blood or lymph.
- Phimosis of the prostate.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Urethral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic), when pathogens enter the prostate.
- Transurethral surgeries performed without prior antibiotic therapy.
- Impaired urination due to abnormal structure of the bladder.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune protection (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis procedure).
When bacteria enter the prostate area, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop and an inflammatory process occurs in the body.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis include:
- Common diseases of the genitourinary system with an infectious nature.
- The presence of helminthic infestations and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or untimely emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Irritation of the urethra with chemicals.
- The depraved sex life, the lack of contraception.
The main reasons for the development of inflammation of the prostate gland
- Prolonged sexual abstinence.
- The presence of bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Improper nutrition.
- Dehydration of the body.
- Sedentary lifestyle that leads to stagnant processes in the pelvic area.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to notice the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, as this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient worries about:
- Fever accompanied by chills.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Painful urination. The patient notices pain and a burning sensation in the urethra, which is felt especially strongly at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation is possible due to compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of physical intoxication (headache, general weakness, body aches).
- Discharge from the urethra.
The symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the beginning of the disease, the inflammation does not spread outside the prostate. A man is worried about pain in the perineum, which may radiate to the lower back. Urination is fast and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation spreads to the lobules of the prostate gland. In this case, the pain increases and can be given to the anus. Urination is significantly impaired, until complete retention.
- In advanced bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobules of the prostate. The patient complains of signs of general intoxication of the body. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. The delay in urination becomes acute. There are throbbing sensations in the perineum. Constipation often occurs.
Possible complications
In case of untimely or poor quality treatment, acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously damage a man's health and life. The most dangerous of these is sepsis.
Also, the infection can rise above the prostate gland and lead to pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis can turn into a chronic form, which is often difficult to treat and leads to complications such as adenoma, infertility, impotence, etc.
Diagnosis
Because bacterial prostatitis has characteristic symptoms, it is usually quite easy to diagnose. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will perform a rectal examination, examining the area of the gland and taking a sample of the secretion for analysis. The following tests help make a diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Prostate ultrasound.
- PSA of the blood.
- Analysis of scraping the epithelium from the urethra.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic in the shortest possible time. That is why it is so important to start treatment when identifying the first signs of the disease. Ultimately, the chronic form of the disease contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and organs. If you neglect treatment and do not take certain medications, then the prostate may completely atrophy.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can recommend this or that medicine after examination and obtaining the result of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered the most appropriate for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the fact that antibiotics can make the tissues of the organs permeable, the drug can freely penetrate to the site of inflammation.
The following antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide preparations are quite effective in combating many pathogens of the disease.
- Cephalosporin drugs are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are highly susceptible to many bacteria. Due to the fact that these drugs have a large number of side effects, they are prescribed with caution.
- Tetracyclines can be difficult to tolerate, so they have recently been prescribed very rarely.
The course of treatment with antibiotics can not be less than 10 days.
In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve pain and inflammation of the prostate.
If urinary problems are observed, the patient is shown the use of alpha-blockers, which reduce the tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often accompanied by a depressed state and frequent changes in the patient's mood. In such cases, the doctor recommends the use of drugs with a sedative effect.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous administration of glucose, saline with trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important for the man to follow the drinking regime and to drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
The treatment regimen for prostatitis with drugs should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic area and increasing the body's defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin and mineral complexes.
- Antispasmodics.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biologicals.
In addition to taking medication, the doctor will recommend making microclysters with a decoction of medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula). The use of topical preparations in the case of bacterial prostatitis should be strictly limited, as there is a high risk of various complications.
After removal of the inflammatory process, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy (electrical stimulation of the prostate, magnetic therapy, etc. ). They help speed recovery and are performed on an outpatient basis.
In extreme cases, when taking medication does not give the desired result, the doctor may decide on surgery. Such an intervention consists of prostate resection and is usually performed in older men. Young people are not prescribed such treatment due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is quite difficult to treat. It should be remembered that it is no longer possible to do this at home.
Precautions
The best prevention of bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is due to the fact that the gland itself is poorly supplied with blood. Therefore, those who have a sedentary job should take regular breaks to walk a little or do special exercises (pulling the muscles of the anus).
The contrast shower gives a good effect. In this case, the flow of water is directed directly to the perineal area. The time for using hot (hot) water is 30 seconds, cooled - should not exceed 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoid hypothermia of the body.
- Fighting constipation. If you can not get rid of them yourself, you should visit a doctor who will advise you mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choosing a regular partner, using a condom in case of suspicious contact, avoiding prolonged absence or excessively active sex).
- Regular preventive examination by a urologist for all men over 40-45 years.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in men? The success of treatment depends on how timely and competently the therapy is prescribed. In addition, it is influenced by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease and the presence of other diseases of the body.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which after a few days significantly improves the condition of the man. However, with improper treatment or its interruption, recurrence and transition of prostatitis to a chronic form is possible, which turns out to be much more difficult to treat.
To avoid the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important for the man to monitor his health, to observe preventive measures, and in case of discomfort in the perineal area to consult a doctor.